1968 in U.S. History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

1968 in U.S. History - Essay Example The period is described by the settling in of the U.S in a disliked war in Vietnam, while brutality, experimentation, agitation, and frankness spread all through the country. Pioneers were killed on an apparently ordinary premise, the Civil Rights Movement got more powers, and hallucinogenic music and social experimentation were widespread in many pieces of the nation. Numerous researchers see this year as dishonorable, disruptive, or now and again as a year that excited change in America. 1968 was a pinnacle of the steady change of the 1960s. Pressure that had been gathering for as far back as years at last came to head, over an entire year of brutality, unrest and despondency. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. what's more, Robert Kennedy were killed; turmoil was widespread in Democratic National Convention, as the media secured the Tet Offensive to uncover the frightful record of the Vietnam War. The battling in the Saigon avenues during the Tet Offensive or New Year made the Vietnam exce ssively genuine. As indicated by one UPI journalist, the Vietnam in this year implied a first gander at death. Picture takers hastened from working to building gathering photographs on the battling in the untouchables of Saigon. The North Vietnamese socialist groups’ dispatch of the Tet Offensive in January and its prosperity against South Vietnamese and U.S troops caused discontent and stun over the home front and denoted the most serious occasions of hostile to war debates to date. Aside from being the most troublesome and saddest year in America, 1968 was likewise a presidential political race year. President Lyndon Johnson was on the cutting edge in advancing social liberties enactment yet he had likewise enormously expanded American chance in including in the Vietnam War. It was in this manner difficult for him to go out without dissidents being included; he no longer had lion's share backing and along these lines reported that he would not challenge for the administrati on. Eugene McCarthy, a representative from Minnesota occupied with these races and prevailing in the primaries. Following his prosperity, New York’s Senator Robert Kennedy chose to enter the crusade as well. For quite a while at that point, Kennedy had served in one of the most elevated lawful workplaces in the country as Attorney General in the organization of his late sibling, John Kennedy. Upon his declaration to run for administration, most residents were satisfied with his back rub, where he vowed to end the Vietnam war, and to diminish prejudice and neediness both in America and in the entire world. Another genuine occasion was noted in April fourth, that year; Martin Luther King, America’s top social equality pioneer was shot to death in Tennessee. He was assisting with arranging a strike between the administration and sanitation workers. This made Kennedy to convey a discourse to dark residents, persuading them that what had happened was against the desires of Americans, since they hated disdain, rebellion, and viciousness, however grasped insight, love, and equity. Be that as it may, these words didn't quiet down the dark network. Their pioneer, Luther had calmly driven social equality development, yet his demise developed savagery in more than one hundred urban communities broadly. Fighters were called upon to settle the mobs, and many residents lost their lives or were harmed. As the essential races went on, Robert Kennedy and Eugene McCarthy attempted to show how their belief systems varied, yet voters couldn't see the distinctions. The two of them contradicted the Vietnam War; looked for improvements in social equality; and both advanced social changes. Kennedy drove in primaries in Nebraska and Indiana, while McCarthy drove in Oregon. California had the following enormous primaries, and Kennedy expressed that he would pull back in the event that he was crushed in this huge challenge. He won the races and

Botticellis Spring Essay Example For Students

Botticellis Spring Essay The renaissance was a period of great craftsmanship, however one craftsman specifically stuck out, that was Sandro Botticelli. This man made probably the most prestigious bits of workmanship in European history; one extraordinary artistic creation was Allegory of Spring. This fanciful fine art was a stunning change from the commonality of past occasions. Botticellis Allegory of Spring, painted in 1482, is one of the most amazing and dumbfounding bits of renaissance workmanship with the wondrous images, style, story of the piece and furthermore the charming history of Botticelli himself. Botticelli is viewed as probably the best craftsman of the Renaissance; perhaps the best work was Allegory of Spring. Botticelli, initially named Alessandro di Mariano Filiapepi, was conceived in Florence, Italy in 1445. He was nicknamed Botticelli; which means little barrel, this name was initially offered to his more seasoned sibling yet for reasons unknown gave to and embraced by his younger sibling 4:68. He was initial a student to a goldsmith, however at about age thirteen or fourteen he quit preparing and exchanged to painting. He was a disciple to Filippo Lippi. This keeps an eye on style framed a considerable lot of Botticellis early works. Botticelli likewise worked with painter and etcher Antonio del Pollaiuolo. Botticelli had his own workshop by 1470; there he went through the majority of his time on earth working for some incredible families in Florence at that point, particularly the Medici family. As one of the craftsman in the court of Lorenzo de Medici, he was hugely affected by its Christian Neoplatonism 5:7. Considering this he attempted to accommodate old style and Christian perspectives. Despite the fact that working for himself a great deal he was additionally appointed by numerous others. He joined Perugino, Ghirlandaio, and Rosselli from 1481 for one year to paint frescos for the Sistine Chapel. Botticelli worked with some significant craftsman of the Florentine Renaissance, which would shape and change his style of painting. Botticellis works are viewed as a milestone of high renaissance. He made probably the best works of this time. His initial pieces were for the most part of the virgin and kid 1:78. He initially bacome famous when in 1470 he was open appointed to paint Fortitude, which would be hung in the Trade law court in Florence. One of his first genuine achievements was the production of the Adoration of the Magi, which he painted around 1473-1475. This artwork veered away from a portion of his prior progressively bleak substance. This was one of the primary pieces appointed by the Medici family, who for this situation gave numerous rules for the youthful Botticelli to follow. Botticelli would proceed to paint Portrait of an obscure man with an emblem of Cosimo the Elder, in a similar timeframe 5:42. At that point he would make one of the most notable Allegory of Spring, very unique topic from times before with the originations of fanciful characters and a characterized plot. At that point in 1481 he went to Rome to take a shot at frescos of the Sistine Chapel requested by Pope Sixtus IV. After this he proceeded to make the sister painting to Allegory of Spring, Birth of Venus. Botticelli kept on making courageous show-stoppers depicting various stories and characters. He painted a variety of strict craftsmanship just as pictures and fanciful pieces. He was a balanced painter who will impact the workmanship world for quite a long time after his demise in 1510. Botticellis style of painting was a blend of the impacts of his educator, however the time and his own innovative vitality help decide quite a bit of his work. Botticelli was a student to Lippi who had a gigantic impact and him characterized a considerable lot of his initial works. Lippi showed Botticelli the idea of drawing plots, this was to make the impact of straightforwardness, and to give the artwork a specific ease and amicability 2:69. A watcher can see this in a significant number of Botticellis work including Allegory of Spring. Botticelli was additionally impacted by the Pollaiolo sibling whom he likewise works with. These men showed him emotive power and furthermore the utilization of shading. A conspicuous thought, which can be seen in huge numbers of Botticellis symbolic artworks, including Allegory of Spring, is the more noteworthy measure of glow, just as a gentler look of pride 2:70. Metallica EssayThe cupid that is motioned to is Amor, the divine force of enthusiastic love. Love, or Eros to the Greek, is the winged child of Mars and Venus. This can be seen by the bow, which he conveys and furthermore the bolts, quiver and blindfold. Just underneath Amor is the goddess of adoration and excellence, Venus. Venus broadens her hand toward the three graces to tweak their move. On the extreme right is the frosty blue lord of the west breezes, Zephyrus. He grasps Chloris; he is changing her from fairy into Flora the goddess of spring; Flora is the figure among Chloris and Venus. This work of art is Botticellis origination of spring in a converse agnostic idea. One of Botticellis most noteworthy increases to the work of art he made was the stunning imagery inside. The emblematic importance to this canvas is while spring stirs the world to the excellence, Venus utilizes love to turn the human heart to facts divine (1:78). This artwork is for the most part dependent on the excellence and recharging of life in spring, it additionally center around adoration. Venus, the inside purpose of this artwork mixes the blossoms to existence with her warm breezes. Venus is the image of spring this is seen by the decoration of blossoms by the graces. She, not just an image of spring, speaks to human advancement, overseeing the world and the activities of men. There are numerous translations of Venus, another thought is the depiction of otherworldly love, with over her, a dressed Cupid during the time spent shooting one of his bolts. Further to one side are the three graces, beneficiary fingers laced, their hair carefully waving and their straightforward dresses, they are moving amicably, while Mercury scatters the mists from the bloom filled nursery, with his caduceus. This wooden stick with two snakes bending around it, is an image of medication (3:2). Mercury himself isn't simply an attractive youth however a revealer of reality as he contacts the mists to uncover the puzzles (1:78). The characters in this piece have an extraordinary delineation of the contemplations of Botticelli. The artwork itself has numerous hidden implications, moreover. For instance, the blooming gardens speak to the representation for the fruitfulness of Flora. Chloris and Flora are similar individuals in this work of art however they are depicting the transformation they she is going toss. The graces may represent freedom. These increases to the artistic creation that Botticelli made affected the manner in which numerous individuals see him and his work. This canvases topic is for the most part dependent on the striking images and portrayals. Botticelli had a genuine endowment of including and seeing all part of work of art while making this piece. In Birth of Venus a significant part of a similar imagery extends to include intrigue and an individual touch to his work. A large number of Botticellis replacements owe uch to this man who cleared a brilliant street to the utilization of imagery. The images, the story line, the style of this fine art all meet up to shape an amicable origination that the recharging of spring brings. Botticellis each brush stroke connotes the excellence and otherworldliness of the fanciful story portrayed in this piece. Botticelli enlivens the quietness and plenitude of new life to Venus garden. This composition is really a feature of Renaissance culture and workmanship at its top, with the liquid brush strokes, the graceful characters and the genuine significance of spring united.

What the Fall 2016 curriculum plan looks like COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

What the Fall 2016 curriculum plan looks like COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This time of year we receive several requests from incoming students asking for an idea of what their education will look like starting in September. As the image above previews (drag the arrows), your course load will be packed in classes in quantitative preparation, policy development, and international topics of interest. Then as things progress, your schedule will focus more on courses in your concentration and specialization. The good news is the course offerings vary and rotate per semester so theres always something interesting to discoverâ€"SIPAs even added some new courses this year! Browse the  Curriculum pages to delve deeper into the current lineup and the sample pictured above.  But dont let the more than 300 course listings stress you out. Youll have plenty of time to plan and register for classes during orientation week. We just wanted to give you a sneak peek of whats to come. (Keep in mind course requirements will vary if you pursue a dual-degree program, so contact the Office of Student Affairs with specific questions.) Later this summer youll be assigned an advisor and s/he will fill you in on all of the details in August. Until then, enjoy your break. Oh, and heed some course-selection advice from a recent graduate, Sriram Gutta, MPA ’15. Not sure where to get started with your course search? Take a look at Our PAs favorite courses at SIPA.

What Is Your First Recollection Of Race - 964 Words

What is your first recollection of race? of racism? My first time I became aware of my race is the day I experienced racism. I must have been in the 1st or 2nd grade and I had two friends, Tiffany and Jaqueline. Tiffany was Aftrican American and Caucasion and Jaqueline was Asian American. One day Jaqueline asked me if I would come over to her house after school to play with her and I said I had to ask my mom. After convincing my mom, she drove me to Jquelines house and Jaquealine met us at her door. My mom was still skeptical because I had never been to her house and out parents had no actually met. So she asked Jaqueline to go get her mom and she did. I remember her mother s face plain as day, she looked quite thrown off guard. But after a bit, my mother left and Jaqueline and I had a great time playing with her toys and her mother made us something to eat. After a few, my mom came to pick me up. The next day all three of us were playing and Jaqueline says to me my mom said that you couldn t come over anymore because you were black. I was thrown for a complete loop! I really could not understand what that meant. My parents never spoke to us about race up until that point. And I remember my exact words, I m not black. Tiffany told me that I was and she said that she was half black. I mean, I was just completely unaware to the world of race. The really weird thing is, Jaqueline asked me another day to come over to her house and I said I thought you said your momShow MoreRelatedDiabetes : Symptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes1058 Words   |  5 Pagesself-care behaviors, including diet and physical activity. As of 2014, there are 29.1 million people in the world that are diagnosed with diabetes. (2014 National Diabetes Statistics Report) Diabetes is a disease that affects how your body produces insulin, which then affects your blood sugar. There are two types of diabetes. 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The Ending of White Minority and Nelson Mandela Essay

The Ending of White Minority and Nelson Mandela In 1948, the Apartheid system officially started. A Dr. Malan introduced it. He established the structure of Apartheid because he exclaimed different races could not live amongst each other in harmony and needed to live separately. Some might argue it was because he wanted to secure the supposed superiority of the White minority. It ended within 50 year of starting. This essay is going to explain how Nelson Mandela, once just a member of a small Black tribe in the depth of South Africa, fought Apartheid to become a worldwide figurehead for non- Whites, the first Black president of South Africa, in 1994. It will also explain to what extent his†¦show more content†¦Drastic times lead to drastic measures, so Mandela sought temporary refuge in neighbouring countries, ruled by Blacks to set up militia groups. Mandela study military tactics for a long time and used that knowledge to train his group to sabotage electricity supplies for White neighbourhoods, strike government buildings and cause a general disruption for the Whites. But in 1962, on Mandela’s return to South Africa, he was arrested. This is a key factor in which opinion disagrees with Mandela solely ending Apartheid. When arrested he was sent to a high security prison on Robben Island, off the coastline of South Africa, for 26 years. Although, in response, others feel Mandela was a figurehead who inspired other Blacks to fight for their cause. Also he receives credibility for the awareness around the world at the time. After Mandela’s release he became president of South Africa in 1994, and with help from his White deputy, de Klark, managed to dismantle the Apartheid state. When Mandela took refuge it was at a time when a trend swept across the continent of Africa. 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Fdi Norms, Foreign Participation in an Indian Insurance Company Free Essays

As per the current (Mar 06) FDI norms, foreign participation in an Indian insurance company is restricted to 26. 0% of its equity / ordinary share capital. The Union Budget for fiscal 2005 had recommended that the ceiling on foreign holding be increased to 49. We will write a custom essay sample on Fdi Norms, Foreign Participation in an Indian Insurance Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0%. The government approved the much-awaited comprehensive Insurance Bill that seeks to raise foreign direct investment (FDI) cap in private sector to 49 per cent from 26 per cent. abc 4JVGh 7596 Insurance Market in India: Past-Present-Future pic2 pyYXW 7596 FDI Cap 49% from 26%: Impact on Indian Insurance Industry A higher foreign direct investment (FDI) will unshackle the insurance industry and drive growth and long-term development enrich the business by bringing world-class business practices and processes expand distribution capabilities and deepen market penetration. Over US$ 2 billion of foreign capital could flow into the country if the Government were to pass the Insurance Amendment Bill that raises the FDI limit. Scene 1: Change in waive service tax on micro insurance products The growth of the rural insurance industry necessitates a waiver of the service tax, which currently stands at 10. 3 per cent, including education cess. This tax is detrimental to the growth of the rural insurance industry and insensitive to the plight of rural populace which lacks quality healthcare and is vulnerable to numerous perils, including illness, accidental death and disability, loss of property due to theft or fire, agricultural losses, and disasters of both the natural and man-made varieties. Rural insurance has an enormous potential for growth and a service tax waiver will make micro insurance products more affordable for the rural populace, and will drive pan-India penetration of this market. Scene 2: Revision on Service tax on small transactions There is an urgent need to increase the threshold for the levy of service tax on policies. The present notification exempts small transactions involving premium of less than Rs 50 (except motor insurance) from the ambit of service tax. The threshold limit of Rs 50 which was fixed in 1994 needs urgent revision. Small transactions involving premium up to Rs 1,000 should be exempt from service tax which will benefit the under-privileged sections of our society. Insurance premium for covering small and medium enterprise risks should be exempt from service tax. For other insurance products, we would like a reduction in the service tax by at least 3-4 per cent. Scene 3: Exempting personal insurance from service tax There is an overwhelming demand across all players in the industry that individual health insurance policies should be totally exempt from service tax. Exemption of health insurance from the service tax will make health cover affordable and accessible for the layman. Consequently, cheaper health insurance will increase its pan-India penetration. Additional IT exemption for householders’ policies and concessional IT rates will give a fillip to home insurance and will also reduce the burden on the government in the event of catastrophes. Scene 4: Exemption for profit on sale of investments To encourage general insurance players to be active participants in capital markets, there is a requirement for specific exemption from income-tax on profit on sale of investments. The issue of admissibility of UPR (unexpired premium reserves) as per IRDA regulations rather than as per Insurance Act only, for IT deductions. The UPR is at present restricted to the extent of limits specified in rule 6E of the Income Tax rules due to which insurance companies need to pay tax beyond their profit disclosed in their audited accounts. Hence, the UPR created as per IRDA regulations should be allowed as per rule 6E. How to cite Fdi Norms, Foreign Participation in an Indian Insurance Company, Essay examples

Romeo and Juliet are victims of unrelenting fate against which they cannot rebel effectively. All they can do is submit with courage and dignity. Essay Example For Students

Romeo and Juliet are victims of unrelenting fate against which they cannot rebel effectively. All they can do is submit with courage and dignity. Essay Who is to blame for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet? The quotation takes the point of view that fate is to blame for the death of Romeo and Juliet. It states that the outcome could not have been changed and whatever Romeo and Juliet had done, the end result would have been the same. The prologue of the play also takes this view The fearful passage of their death-marked love Prologue. The phrase death-marked love informs us that their love is marked with death from the very beginning and nothing they do will change this fact, because it is their fate. In Elizabethan times most people would have believed that fate is the main cause of the tragedy. But some people might suggest that it is more accurate to say that it was their destiny, which is caused by human responsibility, rather than their fate, which is fixed and cannot be changed, that is to blame. Fate means that the end was already decided for them, right from the beginning of time but destiny means that they decide their own life as they go along, through the choices they make and the through what the people around them do. There are many reasons why Romeo and Juliet came to such a tragic end. Ultimately the end result was as it was because of everything that happened tying together. For instance, if Tybalt had not killed Mercutio then Romeo would not have killed Tybalt and would not have been banished. It was a sequence of unfortunate events. There are many things it could have been; hatred, destiny or even love. When we think of love we think of something that is wonderful, something that solves our problems and dissolves our hatred. We can see from the play that love changes personalities. Romeo and Juliet become desperate to hurry through everything, they cant wait to see each other, they want to get married, and they want to sleep together, all at once. Love has taken over and they cant get enough of each other. When we take a look at Romeo and Juliet after they fall in love we can see that their personalities have changed, but in very different ways. Romeo becomes sensitive and he tries to spread his love and happiness to others around him. I do protest I never injured thee, but love thee better than thou canst devise. 3.1.61-62 This is a very unexpected response from Romeo, seeing as he is a Montague and it is assumed that all Montagues hate all Capulets. This is why it seems that Romeo is acting like this because of being in love. Juliet has also had a change of personality; she becomes commanding and resilient. Gallop apace, you fiery-footed steeds, And bring in cloudy night immediately. Juliet, 3.2.14 This quote shows her determination and strong will power compared to how she is before she fell in love. Before Romeo came along we never saw her being strong or aggressive, only obedient and polite around her mother and father. We could blame the result of the play on many people for many reasons. Here I am going to examine the main culprits and what they did to contribute to the consequence of Romeo and Juliets love. Romeo played a big part in the death of Juliet and himself. His character caused him to be hasty and rush into things without thinking. This made him much more vulnerable and he endangered himself and Juliet in the process. Firstly, the reason he met Juliet was because he went to the party to try and woo Rosaline, and when he saw Juliet, he immediately, following his hasty character, fell in love with her and began to charm her. If he had not been so conforming to his anger he would not have been in such a rush to make Tybalt pay for slaying his friend and would not have been banished. This shows he does not think of the consequences of his actions. And again when he heard Juliet had died, he jumped on his horse and hurried off to the Capulet vault. He did not stop to think that some other news might arrive. One World Down the Drain EssayTybalt is feisty by nature and this provokes Mercutio and the other Montagues to fight him. Turn thee, Benvolio, and look upon thy deathpeace? I hate the word, as I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee. Have at thee, coward. 1.1.5861-63 If he had not gone out hunting for Romeo nobody would have died. The unfortunate thing is that none of the children, from either side of the family, even have a reason to fight other than the fact that their parents are enemies. Mercutio is quite similar to Tybalt in many ways. They both enjoy fighting and mocking each other and both loathe the others family. When Tybalt came looking for Romeo he made it quite clear that he did not want to fight Mercutio and was there only for Romeo, and when Romeo arrived he dismissed Mercutio: Peace be with you, sir, here comes my man. Tybalt to Mercutio 3.1.49 But Mercutio insisted and it ended up that Mercutio, himself, died. If Mercutio had withdrawn then, Romeo might never have been banished. But that was not in his character. Though we cannot say that it would have been better if something had been changed or if Romeo and Juliet had not died because if this was the case the feud would have still been happening and both families probably would have rejected their relatives. The whole thing is caused by the fact that Lord Capulet and Lord Montague cannot set aside their differences and have imposed their view, that the other is wrong, on their relatives. Both sides of the feud have at least one person who can see that the whole fight is pointless and needs to be sorted out. The fact that Romeo and Juliet go that little bit further to be together and solve their families problems shows that the feud is causing nothing but grief and that people have even died trying to harm a member of the other family. I dont think that the blame can be placed on just one person because if any one thing had changed the outcome would have changed and we cant pick just one thing that caused the result. From this we could say one of two things; either fate is to blame or destiny is to blame. Fate traditionally is based on star alignments and nothing can change what the end will be. Destiny is based on what people do and the choices they make, and different choices produce different endings. And as we know, if one thing was changed about the play the outcome would be completely different, we can conclude that the quotation is false and destiny is to blame for the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet.

Christian Ethics Essays - Religion, Christianity, Messianism

Christian Ethics Exam 2, Lecture 3 Comedy has an advantage because it knows the difference between good and bad. The thing that tragedy has is that it sees reality. It knows that all we own will end up in ruins again. Maximum kill 200 million people but they had justice and righteousness on their side. The most insightful biblical story is the towel of Babylon. The truth of story is that we are better confused and separate than when we are together with one mine. We want to be able to work together which is good thing but whenever you have people come together, you have tyranny. When we have tyranny, we have oppression and when you have oppression you have mass murder. All tyranny is born out of Utopia. Tragedy sees this, which there is nothing like a utopia because it is within us. How to we keep this two insight together? Isaiah helps us to see that through irony. Isaiah view which is the esthatological Jerusalem, which does not mean the escape of history, those not mean repetition of history, it means the solution of history by God in history. God would bring a solution in historical reality. It will not be tragedy, it would a day where Jerusalem is the justice of the world (Holy land). Chapter 63 - chapter 64. Chapter 63 verses 7 to 9: There solution is not coming from a massager it is not going to come from another king or another military ruler like Saul but their solution is going to come from God. We are not looking for any supernatural solution, angle are not going to solve the problem, these supernatural power's are not the hope for human history. We are looking for God in their mist. Yahweh in history. He is talking about historical solution. Verses 11-14: Moses shows that to correct human history it has to come from the outside. Moses is an example, that a helper comes the outside to free those who cannot free themselves. This shows how God has to come to our mist in order to liberate us. Verse 15- 19: Isaiah makes a plea, Isaiah is identify with Israel in two ways: he is lamenting their loss and he call upon God to come and bring justice onto the world. Chapter 64 verses 7 to 12: He talks about how God is hidden. Blastforme is the greatest offense against God. You cannot offend God more than when you are balstformose. According to Isaiah, you are most offensive when you say you should have done more and made yourself clear because God has already has already made himself clear. Isaiah that ask where God is because he is hidden, God and be in our presence and hidden at the same time. In one way, God ways are always evidence and in another way he is out of our vision. This is the difference between God and idols. They are always present and evident. God is always indirectly known. There are two kinds of people, which are: forest people and dessert people. Forest people like the engagement with people and other. They value the sense of always participating with others. The dessert people like to be totally exposed. If you are in the dessert, you see everything What those it means to say that God is hidden? It means something that we don't understand and we should not want to understand it. 3 ways that God would solve the problem with human history. Massinic Rule: the rule of the messiah. Seen in chapter 11 and 32 Isaiah uses a historical connection that is messiah, which comes out of the root of Jesse (It originates in a passage in the biblicalBook of Isaiah, which describes metaphorically the descent of theMessiah, and is accepted by Christians as referring toJesus). This is going to be a real person who is going to be born just like me an you but out of the root of Jesse and this person is going to have characteristics totally unlike any other person, so it is historical but unique. He is going to have the lord's riotousness and also the lord spirit. With God's righteousness and spirit, he is going to judge by

The 18 Hardest ACT English Questions Ever

The 18 Hardest ACT English Questions Ever SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve been hard at work studying for the ACT, you’ve mastered the basics of the test. But are you ready to tackle the hardest grammar, punctuation, syntax, and writing logic questions that ACT English will throw at you? Read this article to try your hand at 18 of the toughest, most confusing challenges ACT English poses. Then check out the detailed explanations of what makes each question tick, how to solve it and others like it, and what to watch out for when faced with similar questions on the real test. Why Should You Care About the Hardest ACT English Questions? Of course it is good to be able to answer all the questions you'll see on the ACT. But, how deeply you should be concerned about acing the hardest questions depends on what yourtarget score is. Are you trying to get as close to aperfect ACT score as possible?Getting above a 33 on ACT English leaves almost no room for error, so if you’re aiming for the highest scores, these are the questions you need to be able toanswer correctly. If you’re lessconcerned with getting the best possible score, then it’s good to know what the toughest questions look like because your strategy may be to skip some of them. What Makes ACT EnglishQuestions Hard? Surprisingly, questions aren’t hard because they test new or more complex material.Instead, what makes the hardest questions so challenging is that often, they ask you to do several types of thinking at the same time. Often, questions propose counterfactual ideas, where you have to keep in mind both the original and a completely different version of the text. For example, a regular reading comprehension question would ask what the main point of a passage is. Meanwhile, a difficult reading comprehension question would first present a scenario where the passage was altered in some way, and then ask how its main point would change as a result. (See Question 8 below for how this works in practice.) Also possible are questions that test several different grammar, punctuation, and style issues at once. For instance, each suggested answer choice for a hard grammar-based question could be completely plausible rather than obviously wrong. You would have to comb the sentence for meaning and style, not just grammatical information, in order to answer correctly. (Question 5 does this particular trick.) Finally, questions can add a layer of complexity byswitching from a detail-oriented to a big-picture focus. You could be asked to correctly complete a sentence in a passage - and then realize that your answer changes depending on how you interpret that passage! (Question 7 is an example ofthis.) Complexity is created when many simple things are layered on top of each other. Spoiler Warning! Before I show you the actual hardest questions, I think it's only fair to warn you. These questions are all fromthe official ACT practice tests(the PDF tests, not the online oneon the ACT website)! If you’re the type of person who will see them once and remember them forever, maybe wait to read the rest of the article till after you’ve taken the practice tests in test-day conditions. The Hardest ACT English Questions Since ACT English is an entirely passage-based section, all of these questions come from long passages, which I mostly haven’t included. Try to answer each question in about 35 seconds – that’s how long you’ll have on the test. Once you're done, check out theanswer and explanation that follows each question. Question 1 The county cleared this path and paved it with packed gravel, so they would have a peaceful place to hike and bike. Which of the following alternatives to the underlined portion would NOT be acceptable? path, paving path and then paved path before paving path paved The Challenge This question is hard for two reasons. First, because your brain is trained to assume that most answers are wrong, so this reverse question format - where most of the answers are correct - is challenging. And second,because each suggested option tests your knowledge of a different piece of grammar. Answer: D Explanation To find the unacceptable alternative, let’s first figure out the meaningof the original sentence. Two things happened: first the county cleared the path, and then the county paved it. So any answer choices that express this sequence of events would fit the sentence, and thus not be the "wrong" answer that we are looking for here. Answers A, B, and C all express the same idea in slightly different ways,creating perfectly grammatical phrases. Now let’s see what happens when we plug in answer J. We get this weird sentence: â€Å"The county cleared this path paved it with packed gravel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is clearly arun-on sentence, so answer J is our odd man out. Question 2 The first train took twenty-six minutes to complete the route, which ran from City Hall to West 145th Street in under a half an hour. NO CHANGE in the completion of its route. in twenty-six minutes. DELETE the underlined portion and end the sentence with a period. The Challenge Redundancy is sometimes tricky to spot. Especially when, like here, the repeating thing is a concept rather than a word used more than once, and is placed far away in the sentence from whatever it’s duplicating. Answer: D Explanation You first have to realize that 26 minutes is the same thing as "under a than half hour."Once you see this, you know that the question is testing editing out repetition. The original (answer A) doesn’t work, since it’s repeating the route length already described in the beginning of the sentence.Answer C has the same problem – it’s repeating the route time exactly as already expressed.Answer B takes one type of redundancy and replaces it with another, since it’s just a variant of the words â€Å"to complete the route† already in the sentence. So, the only answer that fixes all the redundancies is D. Question 3 The fresco is a dynamic work because, by capturing the energy, humanity, and collective achievement of the Detroit workers, celebrates all working men and women. NO CHANGE that, while, that was, The Challenge By interrupting the sentence with a long aside, the question breaks your concentration and makes it hard to see that although â€Å"because† fits the meaning and logic of the sentence, it isn't grammatical. Answer: B Explanation If you realize that the sentence is being broken in half by a long descriptive phrase, then you can simply take it out! Without the phrase"by capturing the energy, humanity, and collective achievement of the Detroit workers," our sentence simply reads: The fresco is a dynamic work because celebrates all working men and women. That clearly doesn't work, so answer A is out. Now you can simply plug the other answers in to see which of them makes sense. C and D also create nonsense sentences. Answer B is the only choice that gives us a functional sentence with orwithoutthe long descriptive phrase. Question 4 We talked just as easily as we had in the past, when we would sit in the field behind Joan’s house atop the rabbit hutch and discuss our friends and our hopes for the future. NO CHANGE in the field atop the rabbit hutch behind Joan’s house atop the rabbit hutch in the field behind Joan’s house behind Joan’s house in the field atop the rabbit hutch The Challenge This question is all about figuring out how to fixmisplaced modifiers. It's hard because there’s a confusing jumble of three different prepositional phrases that you have to sort into the right order. Answer: C Explanation Let make a mental image of what’s happening, and then zoom out to do the correct placement of bodies. Imagine a movie camera literally zooming out from the conversation to show us where these two people are: There are two people. They are sitting on top of the rabbit hutch (basically a small shed). The hutch is in a field. The field is behind Joan’s house. OK, so now let’s go through the answers to see which describes that reality. The original text (answer A) says, basically: There are two people. They are sitting in a field. The field is behind Joan’s house. Either the field or Joan’s house is on top of the rabbit hutch. That makes no sense. Answer Bgoes: There are two people. They’re sitting in a field. The field is on top of the rabbit hutch†¦ ok, that’s also wrong. Answer Dhas: There are two people. They are sitting behind Joan’s house. They are in a field. The field is on top of the rabbit hutch. That’s the same problem again. Only answer Cfits our mental image of the scene. Don't picture the rabbits in your mental movie, though. Their cuteness is too distracting. Question 5 In some agricultural parts of Japan, for instance, these three stars are commonly referred to as Karasuki and represent a three-pronged plow. Given that all the choices are true, which one provides a detail that has the most direct connection to the information that follows in this sentence? NO CHANGE distant populated historic The Challenge Questions where there is no logically â€Å"wrong† answer are hard because you can’t easily eliminate answers by a quick glance. Here, you have to extract the correct information from the sentence and fit it to thevocabulary offered. Answer: A Explanation Since the question asks us to connect anadjective to what the sentence is about, let’s first figure out what is being described. The bits of information we have are: Something about stars A foreign word for the stars The stars look like a type of plow Now, let’s see whichword choice connects with one of these pieces of information. â€Å"Distant† means far away. Certainly the stars are far away, but in this sentence â€Å"distant† would modify â€Å"parts of Japan† and nothing in the sentence discusses geographic distances of any kind. â€Å"Populated† means inhabited, or where people live. That doesn’t go with anything else in the sentence. â€Å"Historic† means important because of past events that happened there. Again, this doesn’t connect with anything in the sentence. The original word â€Å"agricultural† means having to do with farming. And that goes directly with the fact that the stars represent a â€Å"three-pronged plow,† a type of farming implement. Question 6 Unbricking a kiln after a firing is like a person uncovering buried treasure. NO CHANGE someone a potter OMIT the underlined portion. The Challenge Illogical comparisons can be very tough to spot unless you are familiar with what to look for. Answer: D Explanation The basic rule is that you can only compare things that are alike in some way. For example, you can compare pears and plums (both fruits!), but you can’t compare a pear to a person eating a plum. One trick to spotting illogical comparison questions is to look for words like â€Å"than† or â€Å"is like† that signal that something is about to be compared to something else. This something else needs to immediately follow the words â€Å"than† or â€Å"is like.† So, what’s being compared here? â€Å"Unbricking a kiln.† Even if you don’t know what that means, it’s clearly an action of some sort. The original text (answer A) compares this action to â€Å"a person.† An action is clearly not like a person, so that’s out.Once you realize this, you can see that answers B and C are also out, since all they do is replace the word â€Å"person† with alternate versions. Only answer D removes the illogical comparison, so that the sentence now compares â€Å"unbricking† to â€Å"uncovering† – two similar actions. Question 7 [1] Our son has started playing organized T-ball, a beginner’s version of baseball. [2] â€Å"Organized† is what parents call it, anyway. [3] Joe is seven, living in those two or three years when children can manage to throw a baseball a few feet but when what they’re really interested in are things closer at hand: bugs, butterflies, dirt (if they’re in the infield), grass (if they’re in the outfield). [4] Children of that age still think nothing of doing little dances in the outfield, often with their backs to home plate and, consequently, the batter. [5] It’s not as if the outfielders’ positions matter much, though- the ball never gets hit hard enough to reach there. The writer wishes to add the following sentence in order to emphasize the uncertainty already expressed about an idea in the paragraph: I still have doubts. The new sentence would best amplify and be placed after Sentence: 1. 2. 3. 4. The Challenge This question is hard because you have to recognizethe sarcasm in the sentence before you can figure out that the author doesn’t mean what is written literally. Answer: B Explanation This question is testing your ability to detectauthorial mood and voice. In this case, the sentence â€Å"I still have doubts.† has to back up something that the author disagrees with or doesn’t believe in.The best way to solve this is to go option by option to see which sentence is the one where skepticism is introduced. The first sentence (answer A) is completely factual. The author tells us about her son’s new activity, and explains that T-ball is a type of baseball. None of this is in dispute, so putting â€Å"I still have doubts† after this wouldn’t make sense. Sentence 3 is alsoquite fact-based. We learn the son’s age, and then get the author’s generalization about the inability of young kids to focus on the game. This is an opinion that the author clearly believes in, so putting â€Å"doubts† after this would be wrong. Sentence 4 continues the theme of distractibility, with a funny image of outfielders dancing around while the ball is in play. The author doesn’t doubt that this is the case – it’s clearly a description coming from personal experience. Sentence 2, on the other hand, is riddled with sarcasm and humor. We can tell because the word â€Å"organized† is now in quotation marks, separated out as being untrue. The phrase â€Å"what parents call it† signals that despite being called organized, T-ball is anything but. Finally, the adverb â€Å"anyway† signs the author’s shoulder shrug at the fact that other parents can see any organization on the field – a shrug that is followed by a bunch of evidence of how little attention the kids are paying to the game in progress. Right after sentence 2 is the perfect place to emphasize the author’s disagreement with the sentence â€Å"I still have my doubts.† Baseballs, tennis balls, a stuffed animal - just your basic T-ball chaos. Question 8 Banneker lived and worked on the family farm. After his father died in 1759, Banneker took over the responsibility of the farm and the care of his mother and younger sisters. In addition, he pursued scientific studies and taught himself to play the flute and violin. If the writer were to delete the last part of the preceding sentence (ending the sentence with a period after the word studies), the paragraph would primarily lose: support for the essay’s point about Banneker’s love of learning. a direct link to the previous paragraph. a humorous description of Banneker’s other interests. an extensive digression about music The Challenge The trick here is that it’s difficult to mentally process counterfactual information, like the question expects you to. The fact that answers B and C also sound plausible is an added challenge. Answer: A Explanation This question is checking to see how well you understand sentence-levelauthorial intention – why a writer includes or leaves out particular supporting details or examples. Another way to reframe this question is to ask: what purpose does the phrase â€Å"and taught himself to play the flute and violin† play in this passage?From reading it, we can see that it points to Banneker being interested in things other than just the farm and science.Now, let’s go through the answers to see which fits this description of the phrase. Answer D says that the section is an â€Å"extensive† discussion of music. Music is mentioned in the phrase, but only briefly and without any specific details. This answer is clearly wrong. It’s tempting to pick option C, since the phrase does deal with â€Å"other interests† – that’s what we noted in our own description – but there is nothing â€Å"humorous† about it. So, answer D is out. Answer B is also tempting – much of the longer passage dealt with Banneker’s various talents and skills. But we have an even better option to go with in this case. Answer A describes exactly what the phrase that question suggests cutting out does: it shows that Banneker loved to learn about all sorts of things. Question 9 The two principal types of kayaks are: the easily maneuverable white-water kayak and the largest sea kayak. NO CHANGE very biggest more large larger The Challenge You have to know that you are only comparing two things, so you can’t use thesuperlative form of the adjective. Answer:D Explanation When we compare a specific quality of several things, we can change the form of the adjective we use to show which object has more of that quality. For example, three tiny things can be ranked in size order: Small Smaller (the comparative form of the adjective â€Å"small†) Smallest (the superlative form of the adjective â€Å"small†) The rule is that if three or more things are being compared, then one of them can be labeled with the "-est"form of the adjective.But if only two things are being compared, then only the "-er"form of the adjective can be used. In this case, we are comparing two things: we are ranking the â€Å"white-water kayak† and the â€Å"sea kayak† in size order.Since there are only two things, we can’t use either â€Å"largest† or â€Å"biggest† to describe the sea kayak, so answers Aand Bare out. Some adjectives need the words â€Å"more† and â€Å"most† to indicate comparison. For example, you can’t say â€Å"this actor is woodener than that one,† you have to say â€Å"this actor is more wooden than that one.†But in this case, â€Å"large† does easily take the "-er"form, so answer Cis out, and answer Dis the right one. Question 10 Radioactive pools of toxic waste are okay for others to live in; even acid cannot kill them. NO CHANGE are all right for others to live in; are home to still others; suit others to a tee; The Challenge It can be hard toavoid overly colloquial speech and to modulate language level correctly. Answer: C Explanation Using words that are appropriately formal and avoiding diction that’s too slangy or casual is an important skill on the ACT. In this case, there is nothing grammatically wrong with the underlined phrase,but the sentence is clearly a piece of scientific writing, so this language is just too casual for this context.That means we have to find a version of the phrase that means the same thing, but uses more elevated language. The word â€Å"okay† in particular jumps out as being inappropriate here (so answer Ais wrong).Answer Bproposes changing â€Å"okay† to â€Å"all right† – this doesn’t really raise our diction in any way, so this answer is out.Answer Dreplaces the phrase with theidiomatic phrase â€Å"suit to a tee,† but this kind of folksy expression is still not the right fit. The most neutral and least casually inflected option is answer C, which creates themost compact and formal version of this description. Question 11 As the dancers step to the music, they were also stepping in time to a sound that embodies their unique history and suggests the influence of outside cultures on their music. NO CHANGE are also stepping have also stepped will also step The Challenge Some questions aboutmatching verb tenses are tricky because of the context of the sentence. Here, the words â€Å"time† and â€Å"history† can lead you down the wrong path, as can answer choice C. Answer:B Explanation Usually, verbs in the same sentence should be in the same tense: present, past, or future. Sometimes, though, when a sentence explains a shift in time, verb tenses shift along with it. For example: I think (now, so present tense) in the future we will be (later, so future tense) wearing utilitarian jumpsuits. In this question, the sentence seems to point to something about the dancing taking place in the past, as we connect the dancers dancing now to a â€Å"history.† But you have to realize that the dancing itselfis only happening in the present. This means that both forms of the verb â€Å"step† have to be in the present tense. The original verb (answer A) is in the past tense, whileAnswerDoffers us the future tense - both wrong. Answer Cis tempting because the helping verb â€Å"have† seems to be in the present tense. However, the full verb isâ€Å"have stepped† which is a past tense that'sused for actions that started in the past and are still ongoing. That’s not the case here, so answer Cis out. Answer Bsolves the problem by matching the present tense of the first verb, â€Å"step† with the present continuous â€Å"are stepping.† Question 12 To add to the confusion, every New Year’s Day a person according to this Korean counting system, becomes a year older, regardless of his or her actual birthday. NO CHANGE person, person; person who, The Challenge The many different commas in the sentence can easily throw you off track. You have to seethat the phrase â€Å"according to this Korean counting system† needs to be set off with commas. Answer: B Explanation This sentence is such a confusing jumble of phrases that it’s hard to make heads or tails of what goes with what and which punctuation is appropriate. First, let’s take the sentence apart and connect the pieces that actually go together. â€Å"To add to the confusion,† – prepositional phrase â€Å"every New Year’s Day† – prepositional phrase â€Å"a person† – subject â€Å"according to this Korean counting system,† – verb phrase â€Å"becomes a year older,† – verb â€Å"regardless of his or her actual birthday.† – prepositional phrase Breaking everything down like this shows us that there is a descriptivephrase separating the sentence’s subject and verb, which are: "a person becomes a year older." This means that this separating phrase needs to be set off from the rest of the sentence by commas, so answers A and C are out.Answer D gives us the comma, but it also introduces a dependent clause subject (â€Å"who†). We only have one verb, so we don’t need two subjects, so this answer is wrong. Only B fixes the actual problem, adding a comma to set off the modifier. What if you were born on New Year's Day? Do you get to celebrate twice? No? OK, fine - how about just two slices of cake then? Question 13 Wearing Jeans in School In 1970, the school board in Pittsfield, New Hampshire, approved a dress code that prohibited students from wearing certain types of clothing. The school board members believed that wearing â€Å"play clothes† to school made the students lax and indifferent toward their school work, while more formal attire established a positive educational climate. When twelve-year-old Kevin Bannister wore a pair of blue jeans to school, he was sent home for violating the dress code. Kevin and his parents believed that his constitutional rights had been violated. The United States District Court of New Hampshire agreed to hear Kevin’s case. His claim was based on the notion of personal liberty- the right of every individual to the control of his or her own person- protected by the Constitution’s Fourteenth Amendment. The court agreed with Kevin that a person’s right to wear clothing of his or her own choosing is, in fact, protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. The court noted, however, that restrictions may be justified in some circumstances, such as in the school setting. So did Kevin have a right to wear blue jeans to school? The court determined that the school board had failed to show that wearing jeans actually inhibited the educational process. Furthermore, the board offered no evidence to back up its claim that such clothing created a negative educational environment. Certainly the school board would be justified in prohibiting students from wearing clothing that was unsanitary, revealing, or obscene. The court remained unconvinced, therefore, that wearing jeans would actually impair the learning process of Kevin or of his fellow classmates. Kevin Bannister’s case was significant in that it was the first in the United States to address clothing prohibitions of a school dress code. His challenge initiated a review of students’ rights and administrative responsibility in public education. Suppose the writer’s goal had been to write a brief persuasive essay urging students to exercise their constitutional rights. Would this essay fulfill that goal? Yes, because the essay focuses on how Kevin encouraged other students to exercise their constitutional rights. Yes, because the essay focuses on various types of clothing historically worn by students as a freedom of expression. No, because the essay suggests that the right to wear blue jeans was not a substantial constitutional right in the 1970s. No, because the essay objectively reports on one case of a student exercising a particular constitutional right. The Challenge After spending time examining this passage on a sentence level for all the other questions associated with it, it's pretty challenging tohave to zoom out and think about what is actually being said here. Plus, the answers all hit plausible notes. Answer: D Explanation You’re being tested on how well you understand overallauthorial intention – what the purpose and point of a given piece of writing are. So what features would an essay urging people to act have in it? It might be organized around a bit of activism. It might tell the story of some protest or challenge to the order of the day. It would have a clear point of view of who/what is right and who/what is wrong in a given situation or problem. It would most likely either start or end with a directive to go out there and do something. Does this passage do those things?It does tell the story of a legal challenge to established order.But it doesn’t do any of those other things. And, even if you can’t immediately picture what an essay urging action would sound like, you can check out the descriptions of this passage in the answers to see whether any of them actually fit what you just read. Answer A is wrong because there is no mention of Kevin interacting with other students in any way. Answer B is wrong because aside from jeans, there is no mention made of any other self-expressive clothing choices made by students. Answer C is tempting because it agrees that the essay is not urging anyone to do anything, but the answer also says that the passage picks a side in the fight over whether jeans are a constitutional right. But the essay does no such thing, so this answer is out. Answer D is the only one that actually describes this essay: it’s a simple, chronological, fact-based, neutral account of one court case. Question 14 Some sixty years later, an elderly Frances Griffiths publicly admitted that her and her cousin had staged the photographs as a practical joke. NO CHANGE her cousin and herself she and her cousin her cousin and her The Challenge The question is asking you to correct what is a prettycommon mistake in spoken English, where we don’t pay careful attention to pronoun forms when we use compound nouns. Ifyou're used to hearing people speak this way, you might be caught off guard here. Answer: C Explanation One trick to use, when you’re looking a compound noun (two nouns or pronouns connected with the word "and"), is to take the noun away, leave the pronoun, andsee whether the sentence still works. Here, we would get: "Frances Griffiths admitted that her had staged the photographs,† which is clearly wrong.This means answers A and D are out – both use the â€Å"her† form of the pronoun. Using the trick with answer B, we would get: â€Å"Frances Griffithsadmitted that herself had staged the photographs,† which also doesn’t work. The only answer that works is C, which uses the subject form of the pronoun: â€Å"she.† Question 15 One significant aspect of this relationship was: that Susan was perhaps the only reader of Emily’s poems-in-progress. NO CHANGE was that Susan was, that Susan was that Susan, The Challenge The difficulty here is that there are two types of punctuation rules being tested at the same time. Answer:B Explanation This question is testing how well you know how to punctuate a modifying clause (basically, a part of a sentence that explains the rest of the sentence). The rule is that if the modifying phrase is necessary for the sentence to make sense, then it doesn't need any commas around it. In this case,the modifying clause explains the relationship between the two women-â€Å"that Susan was perhaps the only reader of Emily’s poems-in-progress." Without it, the sentence wouldn't work at all: One significant aspect of this relationship was. This tells us that the correct answer is the one that leaves out any punctuation -answer B. Question 16 A lot of people hate to ride the New York City subways, but I love them because I like to get places fast. A musician balancing a cello case, two Buddhist monks in saffron robes, and a group of stockbrokers in crisp, charcoal gray suits get on at Wall Street. A passenger placidly sews while the subway train flings and jolts. A teenager who’s holding a shoebox containing a kitten as tiny as a gingersnap smiles as a line of girls in frilly white communion dresses file by. About three and a half million people a day ride the subways, and I think maybe I’ve met them all. At this point, the writer wants to provide one reason why she likes to ride the subways. Which choice is most relevant to the information provided in this first paragraph? NO CHANGE I never know what I’ll see there. they are so much cheaper than taxis. they are places of enormous quiet and calm. The Challenge This question challenges you to find the common theme of the paragraph and then circle back to apply it to this sentence. It's easy to get it wrong because eachof the answers is a completely plausible way to end the sentence - if you don't connect it to the rest of the passage. Answer: B Explanation Each answer option would create a totally different topic sentence for this paragraph. Yourjob is to use the paragraph to find clues for what a relevant topic sentence would be here The passage that follows the sentence is basically a long list of different people that the author has seen riding the subway: a musician, monks, stockbrokers, someone sewing, a teenager, and girls. Let’s see whether one of the answer choices sets up this list. Answers A and C are about the advantage of the subway as a mode of transportation. They’re true, but they aren’t what this paragraph is about. Answer D actually is about the environment inside the subway, but the paragraph describes a crazy mishmash of people and things, while â€Å"quiet and calm† are adjectives better suited to a library than public transit. Answer B is the only one that gives us an intro to what is to come in the rest of the paragraph. Then we all took off one shoe and got on the subway together! Question 17 The Navajo language is complex, with a structure and sounds that makes them unintelligible to anyone without extensive exposure to it. NO CHANGE makes it make it make them The Challenge Because this question is testing both subject/verb agreement and noun/pronoun agreement, it's easy to get tripped up by it. Answer:C Explanation We are asked here to figure out two things: whether the verb â€Å"make† should be singular or plural and whether the pronoun "them" should be singular or plural.Let’s take these one at a time. A verb has to match its subject. In other words,a singular subject takes a singular verb, while a plural subject makes the verb plural.In this case, to figure out the right form of the verb "make," you have to first determine what is doing the making. What is making Navajo language complex? The structure and sounds. So, since the subject is plural, the right verb is "make," eliminating answers A and B. Similarly, a pronoun has to match the noun that it's linkingback to. Here, you have to analyze: what is being made complex by the structure and sounds? The Navajo language. Since this noun is singular, the underlined pronoun should be too, making C the correct answer. Question 18 On each wing, all flighted birds have ten primary flight feathers, each one shaped slight different. NO CHANGE slight differently. slightly differently. slightly more different. The Challenge Here, you have to realize that you have to use anadverb to modify a verb and another adverb. Answer: C Explanation Choosing whether to usean adjective or an adverbdepends on what you want to that word to describe. The rule is: nouns can be modified by nouns or adjectives; butadjectives, adverbs, and verbs can only be modified by adverbs. In this case, it’s important to first figure out what function the underlined words are playing.The sentence is explaining that each feather has a different shape from those around it. That means that the verb â€Å"shaped† is being modified by the word explaining variations in form. Since it’s modifying the verb, it needs to be an adverb, so it has to be â€Å"differently.† This means answers A and Dare out. But the sentence also points out that the feathers aren’t all that different from one another – their shapes have mild, not extreme variance.So the adverb â€Å"differently† is being modified by the word expressing the degree of difference. Since it’s modifying an adverb, it has to be â€Å"slightly,† so answer Cis correct. Flight feathers in action. How to Tacklethe Hardest ACT English Questions Now that you've seen what the ACT English section is ready to dish out, how can you get ready to meet its most difficult challenges? TakeComplexity Step By Step. Most of the hardest questions are difficult because they layerseveral rules, ideas, or concepts into one pile. Whenever this happens, your best bet is to untangle each part of the question and solve it on its own. Not only are you less likely to make mistakes if you work in simple steps, but often, solving one part of the question will lead you to find the right answer for the other parts as well. Use the Process of Elimination. Another useful technique is to cross out the answers you know are wrong. After you've done this, look at what's different about the remaining answer choices. Often, you will realize what the question is testing by looking at these left-over answers and comparing the changes they suggest with the original text. Balance Your Time Wisely. Earlier in this article, I told you that you would have only about 35 seconds to solve each ACT English question. But that's only if you spend the same amount of time on each of the questions in this section of the test. A better approach is to do a first pass through the section to solve the easiest questions as quickly as you can while still being precise. Then, you will have more time left to devote to the questions that need extra attention and care. Trust Your Gut.If all else fails, trycovering up all the answer choices (including the underlined originaltext), and read the restof the passage. See ifyou can form your own opinion about: the logical progression of the passage structure the way the different sentences, or the different parts of one sentence, relate to one another how you wouldfill inthe blank space yourself Then, try to find the answer choice that most closely matches your own thoughts, rather than being distractedby the answer choices. The Bottom Line The most challenging questions on ACT English are difficult because they: Check your understanding of more than one grammar, editing, or punctuation skill at the same time. Have several answer choices that seem correct on first glance. Force you to flip between detail-oriented, sentence or phrase-level observation and passage-wide comprehension. Present counterfactual information. Some ways to tackle these hardest questions on the test are: Simplify multi-layered questions by solving each component by itself. Use the process of elimination to cross out obviously wrong answers, and then figure out what the question is testing by comparing the remaining answers to one another. Balance your time wisely to have more time to spend on the most difficult questions. Trycovering up the answer choices and rewriting the underlined piece of the passage yourself. What’s Next? Shooting for the top score on the ACT? Check out our article on 9 strategies to a perfect score on ACT English, our guide togetting a perfect ACT score, and a discussion of how many questions you can miss and still score a 36. Need to study more for ACT English? Check out our guides forthe best way to prepare for ACT Englishandboosting your overall ACT score in 10 days. Wondering how you’ll stack up when you take the test? We’ve gotan explanation ofwhat a good/bad/excellent ACT score looks like, and advice onfinding a target score. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

The Black Model for Interest Rate Derivatives Essay

The Black Model for Interest Rate Derivatives - Essay Example Over the last two and half decades, finance has experienced tremendous and exciting developments especially with reference to derivatives markets. One of the reasons explaining the idea of tremendous and exciting developments within financial sector is the fact that both hedger and speculators within financial markets find it attractive to trade derivate specifically assets rather than trading on the assets themselves (Gupta and Subrahmanyam. 2005). Development of derivatives is considered as one of the most successful upcoming within capital markets (Brigo and Mercurio 2001). Within derivatives, there are three main traders; hedger, speculators, and arbitrageurs. Application of derivatives within financial markets helps in eliminating or reducing risk associated with the fluctuations in the prices of assets. Overview and Development of Black Model Financial markets have experienced an increase in the interest-rate contingent claims that include amongst others caps, swaptions, bond o ptions, mortgage-backed securities, as well as captions. The main problem however that is currently experienced is the development of effective and efficient instruments for valuing such contingent claims. Different models have been developed and used in an attempt to find the best and most effective one. Nonetheless, there has been indifference amongst traders on the model effective and efficient enough to help in measuring, controlling, and supervision of interest-rate risks. Hull (234) identifies Black-Scholes Model as a major innovation is pricing of various stock options. During the early 1970s, Fischer Black, Myron Scholes, and Robert Merton developed a model that can be used effectively and efficiently in pricing stock options (Hull p234). In addition, Clewlow and Strickland (2000) confirm that Black Model has been frequently used in valuing bond options due to its effectiveness and efficiency. Black Model borrows extensively from the Black-Scholes Model (Black, 1976). Actual ly the former is an extension and modification of the latter. Black Model for pricing stock options assumes that the value of an interest rate, bond price, or other variables at a given time is future follows a lognormal distribution. One of the reasons that necessitated the extension and modification of the Black-Scholes Model to Black Model is the difficulty experienced in valuing interest rate derivatives as opposed to valuing foreign exchange derivative (Hull p508). The difficulty is experienced due to a number of reasons such as complications within the behavior of individual interest rate as compared to stock prices of exchange rates (Hull p508). In addition, there has been the need to develop a model that will help in evaluating the behavior of the entire derivate including the zero-coupon yield rate. Consequently, Black Model was developed, which derives most of its assumptions from the Black-Scholes-Merton differential equation that represents the model. For instance, the m odel assumes that there are no transactional costs of taxes involved in applying the model to value stock options (Black, 1976). What’s more, the model assumes that there are no dividends obtained during the derivatives’ life coupled with facts that arbitrate opportunities are termed as riskless. In this model, another important assumption is that the rate of risk-free interest is constant and equals

MGT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGT - Assignment Example The video â€Å"Cremation Urn† presents the importance of the cremation urn in our households and the process of making the product. I derived the complex process, chemical materials, time, and equipment used in making cremation urn from the video. I also established the uses and the factors that determine the quality and size of this product. This information helps me to decide on the efficiency and quality of the cremation urn. Unfortunately, the video did not say the cost of making and the buying price of this product. Having watched the â€Å"contact lenses† video, I established the difficult process of making a single contact lens. Additionally, I learnt and understood the 14 steps involved in making a contact lens. The video also show the efficiency and uses of a contact lens. This information helped me to understand the process of making traditional contact lenses, how to store them, and the technicians involved. However, the video fails to address the computerized and modern way of making contact lenses. The video â€Å"Tetra park containers† presents the process, materials, and equipment used to make a Tetra park containers. I also derived the quality of the containers and the three layers that make the container. It also presents the technicians involved in this process. With this information, I will be able to assess the environmental impact and effectiveness of such containers. However, the video did not show how the product is eco-friendly and failed to show the process of attaching the plastic opening system. Indeed, the video also failed to present the capacity of the manufacturing machine and neglected the cost of making Tetra park containers. Finally, the â€Å"Financial services† videos showed the professionals associated with financial services and presented the operational efficiency in financial services. I also established the different types of financial services as well as the challenges in the financial sector. The video showed a

Misbehaviour Should Be Accepted In Organisations Commerce Essay

Misbehaviour Should Be Accepted In Organisations Commerce Essay Normal behaviour in an organisation has been analysed by many university experts and management theorists. These people believe that these positive activities contribute a lot to the organisation. Hard-work and discipline are good examples. However, the opposite theory misbehaviour in organisation behaviour is attracted by more and more people in a modern well-run organisation. The purpose of this report to ascertain what is a well-run organisation, what the accurate definition of misbehaviour is, and how misbehaviour influences a well-run organisation. After we have researched this theory comprehensively, it will be clear to see the reason why companies accept misbehaviour and how misbehaviour can create a positive effect in modern companies. The scope of this report will cover employees misbehaviour in the workplace and the relation between management hierarchy and workers. 2) Definition of a well-run organisation: The key characteristic of an organisation is that it is an purposefully organised group, department or family to achieve present targets set in the decision making state, and organisational present constitute member should adapt to the change of exterior or interior situation in order for the organisations survival. Generally, an organisation must be able to effectively implement and integrate with some controlling power for the successful continuation of the organisation. (Wilson Ronsenfeld, 1990). Organisations are always expected to successfully achieve targets in the process where from output to input, it then of course depending their resources should be used appropriately. Otherwise, an organisation is not only supported to be successful but also to be effective related to the output, involved in their final result and target. There are some related factors that could improve organisational performance, such as increasing profitability, improved service delivery and to maximise efficiency in key activities. In addition, efficient organisations must ensure that it reaches a satisfactory target, understanding the clients demand and requirements, and are compliant to specific requirements, adaptable in the change of exterior and the demand situation. (Mullins, 2007). 3) Definition and classification of misbehaviours: Organisational misbehaviour is defined as any intentional action made by members of an organisation that defies and violates shared organisational norms and expectations, and/or core societal values, mores and standards of proper conduct. (Yoav Vardi and Yoash Wiener 1996). However, all errors, mistakes, or even unconscious negligence do not constitute organisational misbehaviour, despite the bad effect it produces in the organisation. We will be focusing on individuals who are directly and intentionally involved in some form of misconduct in a well-run organisation. But this phenomenon may also come from a group of individuals or indeed the organisation itself. Organisational misbehaviour may also change in different situations and it can be functional or dysfunctional, positive or negative, short term or long term; it depends on the circumstances and manner of acting. The organisational misbehaviours are grouped into 3 major categories: misbehaviours that are intended to benefit the self, misbehaviours that intend to benefit the members employing organisation as a whole and misbehaviours that intend to inflict damage and be destructive. Misbehaviours that are intended to benefit the self are internal and often victimise the employing organisation or its members. Examples of such misbehaviour is the distortion data, the stealing and selling manufacturing secrets, the harassment of others, misleading customers and sabotaging processes. Misbehaviours that intend to benefit the members employing organisation as a whole are for the most part external in nature, usually directed toward outside victims such as public agencies, customers, social institutions, or other organisations. This sort of misconduct is self-serving and organisations members will take benefit of this cheating. Falsifying records, cheating governments and the misleading of customers belong to this category of misbehaviour. Misbehaviour that intends to inflict damage and be destructive can be both internal and external with the main goal being to hurt others or the organisation, to cause minor or considerable damage, both visible and invisible such as mistreatment, sabotage and theft. 4) Why can we accept misbehaviours in well-run organisations? Organisational misbehaviour can be as minor as being late for work, or as serious as theft, such as the stealing company resources. One research done in 2003 in the United States for example, claimed that over 95% of all businesses experience employee theft, with an estimated loss of $25 billion every year. Before we discuss whether or not misbehaviour is acceptable within an organisation, we should first know the source or reason of such behaviour. Peter Michael Blau, an Austrian sociologist and theorist, produced many theories about social phenomena and population structures. One of them, namely the Social Exchange theory, explains organisational misbehaviour. The Social Exchange theory is a combination of theory of economics, psychology and sociology, used to explain social behaviour of humans, based on exchanging benefits between two parties. When putting this theory in a workplace, it explains that the relationship between employees and employers are built based on the exchanging of benefits. Employees devoted their effort and time to work in exchange of their salary paid by their employers. When one party gives more to another, it is expected to receive more in return. There are both material and non-material benefits. Financial rewards or salaries for employees are both material benefits. Whereas, non-material benefits can be appreciation from managers and supervisors, or merely a certain level of support. Employees might receive their salary each month but they might not receive non-material benefits as frequently, such as job satisfaction. Employees have the potential to feel mistreated, causing the relationship between employees and employers to be ruined. When employees feel that they are unfairly treated in the workplace, while there is little chance that they can come forward or take a stand against their employer, the only way employees can repay such mistreatment is to engage in organisational misbehaviour. Understanding the reason of organisational misbehaviour, we then know why we should accept such behaviour other than taking eliminations and punishments. As an unkind action will repaid by an unkind response, making misbehaviour counter-productive. 5) Advantages of misbehaviour: Despite the fact that misbehaviour can be destructive, misbehaviour can also be seen a useful tool for well-run organisation. The hierarchy can see the dysfunction in the organisation: In the organisation, an employee will not always obey their superior; they will argue their point if there is something wrong or if they simply have a different opinion. It is preferable if the management can clearly see the dysfunction in the organisation. Therefore, the management is forced find the best way of preventing mistakes in advance of any challenges to their decisions. Increasing the rules, procedures, and bureaucratic control: Misbehaviour in an organisation also can be explained there are some leaks in the regulation of the organisation. For instance, in some organisations, discrimination is a normal situation. Regardless of race discrimination or the discrimination between the upper class and the lower class, there must be set rules to control them, in order to treat everyone equally. The management need to be in control of the organisation because misbehaviour will arise if ignored. As a result, the potential for misbehaviour encourages improved control by the management. Hierarchy need more concern to their employees: In certain situations, there will be a conflict when employers feel that they are unimportant, or indeed they feel that they are not totally involved in the organisational culture and feel uncomfortable in their position. Therefore, the organisation could understand they need to pay more attention to their employees and ask their opinion. When these employees feel that they are important to the organisation and they can contribute to the organisation, they will be more obedient and productive. Stimulate innovation and adaptation: Innovation is a very important part in an organisation. Misbehaviour means people challenge the status-quo, the result being that they misbehave. To stimulate innovation and adaptation not only benefit the organisation but also its employees who are stimulated by new challenges. Increasing the quality of decision making: Should one person make a decision independently of others, this course of action will ultimately cause others to challenge it. Many people will have differing opinions which they will want to put forward. To gather and coordinate the employees differing opinions on finding the best way to deal with a given issue will increase the quality of the decision making process and will remove the chances of disobedience, as the employees can voice their opinions. 6) Conclusion: Based on the information we have gathered, including the text book and internet sources, we have come to the decision that misbehaviour should be accepted in a well-run organisation. Organisations should emphasise misbehaviour as well good behaviour. Employees work for organisations, the aim employee working is variety, but in common the aim is to earn money to support themselves and their families. On the other hand, the employer has the employee, that is an equivalence exchange. Bosses should not be angry if an employee misbehaves with economic efficiency. An organisation is consisted by group, and a group consists of employees. Due to different backgrounds and different learning capacities, these people will definitely conflict when their opinions differ. The upper management power need rules and regulations to stop the dysfunction in a well-run organisation. Overall, satisfaction for employees is very important in well-run organisation, because employees may misbehave if they feel dissatisfied with the working conditions and management decisions. Companies are willing balance the benefits between the employer and employee. At last, employees can make a valid contribution to the organisation and enhance the companys productivity and competitiveness in the markets in which it competes.

Ray Charles Robinson Essays -- Soul Music Biography Musician Essays

Ray Charles Robinson Ray Charles Robinson, more commonly known as Ray Charles (to avoid confusion with boxer Sugar Ray Robinson), was born in the southern city of Albany, GA on September 23, 1930. He was a prolific, multi-talented singer, pianist, bandleader, and composer who, when on stage captivated his audience not only by his musical ability, but also because he was a blind, African American man. He was given the nickname â€Å"the Genius† for his capability of combining the music of gospel, jazz, pop, country and rhythm and blues (R&B), known as â€Å"soul music.† Charles began going blind at around age five, and had completely lost all eye sight by age seven. The cause of his blindness was never confirmed, but most believe it was due to glaucoma. By then, his family had moved to Greenville, FL, and Charles had already begun playing the piano. Charles’ mother never took pity on him, she began teaching him things even before he became completely blind. He never saw his being blind as a weakness, and that helped him out tremendously as a child and into adulthood. He soon began attending the St. Augustine School for the Deaf and Blind, as a charity student, where he perfected his piano skills while learning how to play various other instruments. He also learned how to read and write music, type, and compose scores in Braille. Both of Charles parents were dead by the time he was fourteen, and at age fifteen he was orphaned and left St. Augustine to begin his professional music career. For almost two years, he played for local bands in Florida, but then he headed to Seattle, WA which has been said to be the turning point in Charles’ personal and professional career. During the ear... ...lobe Award nominations. Works Cited "Charles, Ray." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 22 Jan. 2005 < http://search.eb.com/eb/article?tocId=9022591&query=RAY%20CHARLES&ct= >. "Charles, Ray." Encyclopedia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 22 Jan. 2005 < http://search.eb.com/ebi/article?tocId=9310645&query=RAY%20CHARLES&ct= >. Ray Charles: The Official Site. Comp. Chad Hanson, Ira Merrill, and Raenee Robinson. Mar. 2001. RCR Production, Inc. 22 Jan. 2005 < http://www.raycharles.com/ >. "Ray Charles." Ed. Larry Sanger, and Jimmy Wales. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 15 Jan. 2001. Wikipedia Online. 22 Jan. 2005 < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles >. The History of Rock 'n' Roll. Comp. D K. Peneny. Mar. 1998. 22 Jan. 2005 < http://www.history-of-rock.com/ray_charles.htm >.